If you have ever been a creditor concerned about a debtor not paying debts as they become due or paying other creditors while ignoring your demands, then forcing the debtor into an involuntarily bankruptcy may be an option. An involuntary petition can be filed only under Chapter 7 (liquidation) or Chapter 11 (reorganization) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

Lawsuits and collection actions against a corporation are automatically stayed when the corporation files for bankruptcy, generally speaking. In order to avoid the automatic stay, creditors may bring claims against the directors and/or officers of the bankrupt corporation rather than against the corporation itself.

A fundamental tenet of chapter 11 bankruptcies is the absolute priority rule. Initially a judge-created doctrine, the absolute priority rule was partially codified in section 1129(b)(2)(B)(ii) of the Bankruptcy Code. Under section 1129, plans must be “fair and equitable” in order to be confirmed.

Is a personal guaranty a separate agreement from the underlying contract it guarantees? The North Carolina Court of Appeals recently considered this issue inFriday Investments, LLC v. Bally Total Fitness of the Mid-Atlantic, Inc., 2017 WL 3254773 (N.C. Ct. App., Aug. 1, 2017). The case was decided by a 2-1 decision, with Judge Tyson delivering the opinion of the Court and Judge Elmore dissenting by a separate opinion.

In a divided opinion Tuesday, the Court of Appeals held that a lease and guaranty are separate contracts, even when the guaranty is incorporated into the lease. SeeFriday Investments, LLC v. Bally Total Fitness of the Mid-Atlantic, Inc. For this reason, the court held, a guaranty might be discharged in bankruptcy – even where the tenant assumes the lease to which it is attached and incorporated.

From the Bankruptcy Court for the District of South Carolina :

In McCall v. Anderson Brothers Bank (In re McCall), Adv. Pro. No. 16-80008-jw (Bankr. D.S.C. 2016), the Honorable John E. Waites held that a creditor did not willfully violate the automatic stay under the particular facts of the case where the creditor initially refused to return a vehicle to the Debtor after she filed a Chapter 13 case and demanded the vehicle’s return.

Recently, the North Carolina Court of Appeals issued an opinion addressing whether a conflict of interest exists when a trustee under a deed of trust initiates a foreclosure proceeding and later represents the lender in that same foreclosure proceeding.

You can "wind up" a partnership without having to liquidate all of its assets and terminating its existence. So ruled Judge McGuire last week in Hardin v. Lewis, 2016 NCBC 55. But that may not be true for all partnerships. This case involved a law firm partnership which was continuing to operate its practice after one of its partners left to start her own law firm.

CentsAbility: Creditors' Rights Law Update

In a recent case from the Business Court in Brunswick County, a North Carolina Judge held that Defendants could assert a claim for breach of the duty to negotiate in good faith finding that negotiations for a loan modification and renewal gave rise to a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the parties had entered into a “binding preliminary agreement.” RREF BB Acquisitions v. MAS Properties, LLC, No. 13 CVS 193, 2015 NCBC 58, 2015 WL 3646992 (N.C. Super. Ct. June 9, 2015).

Two items of interest in the on-going saga of intellectual property enforcement against bankrupt Collezione Europa and its principals, Paul and Leonard Frankel.