In Hunt (as Liquidator of System Building Services Group Ltd) v Michie & Ors [2020] EWHC 54 (Ch), ICC Judge Barber has confirmed that directors of insolvent companies remain subject to fiduciary duties, even after those companies enter into an insolvency procedure.

Background

随着新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内持续引发财务不确定性，我们认为是时候简要介绍英国法适用于陷入财务困境的公司的各种公司破产程序。下文将依次讨论管理程序 (administration)、接管程序 (administrative receivership)、公司自愿安排 (company voluntary arrangement)、债务偿还安排 (schemes of arrangement) 和破产清算 (liquidation)。此外，还将简述董事职责、有关破产中资产分配的规则以及在破产中可撤销或“可审查”的交易。

在本专业概要发文之前，英国商务、能源与产业战略部于2020年3月28日发布公告，旨在帮助处于破产拯救或重整程序中的公司继续开展交易，避免破产。简言之，英国商务大臣宣布：

When a shareholder’s rights have not been observed by a company and/or its directors, it is possible for them to ask the court to impose a fair remedy.

It’s becoming apparent that despite the government’s intervention with business rate holidays, relief against forfeiture and furloughing of staff during the coronavirus pandemic, many licensed, leisure and retail businesses are in dire straits as a result of closure. Whilst emergency insolvency legislation is in place to provide a breathing space for companies, this will only help financially distressed but viable businesses. As a result, it is unfortunate that insolvencies already reported in the press will just be the tip of the iceberg.

Whilst no further action has, as yet, been taken to implement the foreshadowed changes to insolvency law in England and Wales (see our comments on the same), the Business and Property Courts of England and Wales ("BPC") have moved quickly to release a temporary Practice Direction on insolvency proceedings ("TIPD").

Wrongful trading laws have been suspended. But other relevant laws remain unchanged. Critically directors remain subject to the creditors’ interest duty. Read our article which examines the current position and highlights other key issues to be kept firmly in mind by directors and those advising them in these challenging times.

The purpose of this note

The profound business and market interruption already caused by the COVID-19 outbreak has introduced insolvency risks for many otherwise healthy businesses. 

This note summarises proposed insolvency law reforms announced on 28 March 2020 with some commentary on other recent COVID-19 developments in this area, including: 

In response to the profound market disruption caused by the coronavirus pandemic and to stave off a predicted “tsunami” of corporate insolvencies, the UK Government has announced its plans to enact a series of urgent law reforms, aimed at keeping as many of the affected businesses as possible intact and trading. 

As a creditor, especially during the current Covid-19 crisis, it may be tempting to accept all and any payments from debtors.

Payments that a debtor company makes to you during the period where there is a winding-up petition in place will be a void disposition, under section 127 of the Insolvency Act 1986, unless there is an application to the Court and receipt of what is known as a “validation order,” allowing you to keep the money.

What’s happening in real life?

A recent Sheriff Court judgment is the latest decision to consider the role and remit of the court reporter in a liquidation which, unusually, involved the court appointing two reporters.

In Scotland, the Insolvency (Scotland) (Receivership and Winding Up) Rules 2018 provide that where there is no creditors committee, the remuneration of a liquidator shall be fixed by the court. In practice, the court appoints a reporter to examine and audit the liquidator’s accounts and to report on the amount of remuneration to be paid.