Numerous changes have been made to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in recent months, primarily stemming from the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (Economic Aid Act) signed into law in December 2020 as part of the overall Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, and related administrative rules and guidance issued by the Small Business Administration (SBA). In this article, we address frequently asked questions and guidance regarding the initial PPP loans taken out by Borrowers (First Draw Loans).

Soon after Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) in March 2020, the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) moved quickly to address potential COVID-19 related fraud. One area of early focus was the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), a program under the CARES Act that provides loans to small businesses to help pay employees. The Fraud Section set up a team devoted to PPP fraud and, within two months of the passage of the CARES Act, had charged several individuals.

Chapter 11 bankruptcy cases are most frequently filed by businesses. However, certain high-earning individuals whose debts are above the statutory debt limits to qualify for Chapter 13 can also file for Chapter 11 relief. In Chapter 11 cases, the debtor retains control of its operations as a debtor in possession (DIP) and has the benefits and duties that are held by a Chapter 7 trustee. However, if the debtor acts in bad faith or mismanages the bankruptcy estate during the course of the case, a Chapter 11 trustee may be appointed to operate the business going forward.

On February 25, 2021, U.S. Senators Dick Durbin and Chuck Grassley introduced the COVID-19 Bankruptcy Relief Extension Act to extend certain bankruptcy relief provisions enacted as part of the March 2020 CARES Act and December 2020 omnibus appropriations bill.

The COVID-19 pandemic hit the United States with force in March 2020. As the virus rapidly spread, the federal government responded with temporary changes to the Bankruptcy Code through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act). The CARES Act was one of the first laws enacted in an attempt to prevent what many expected would be a tsunami of bankruptcy petition filings in the wake of the zero-revenue environment created by statewide shutdowns during the first and second quarters of 2020.

On February 25, 2021, Senators Durbin and Grassley introduced bipartisan legislation to extend the expiration dates of certain bankruptcy provisions of the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act to March 27, 2022.

In 2020, commercial chapter 11 bankruptcy filings climbed to their highest levels in recent years, as COVID-19 disruption sparked sharp declines in GDP and volatile stock market swings. Notably, the pandemic accelerated the restructurings of some companies that were already on the precipice of financial distress, particularly in the retail, energy, travel and hospitality sectors.

There are nine changes in the Bankruptcy code under the CAA, which extends additional support from the federal government both individual and business debts due to the COVID pandemic. Of these nine bankruptcy changes only three directly affect the residential mortgage industry. These are:

1. Chapter 13 only – Order of discharge entered albeit mortgage debt still in default. Even when the debtor has not cured the mortgage debt under chapter 13, a discharge order may be entered where 2 requirements are satisfied:

The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 (the Appropriations Act) is a $2.3 trillion spending bill that combines stimulus relief for the COVID-19 pandemic and an omnibus spending bill for the federal fiscal year. While the Appropriations Act is intended to enhance stimulus relief under the CARES Act and does so in many profound ways, it also includes provisions narrowly targeted to assist companies that have filed for protection under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (Bankruptcy Code) by temporarily modifying the rules governing a tenant’s performance under its leases.

One year ago, we wrote that the large business bankruptcy landscape in 2019 was generally shaped by economic, market, and leverage factors, with notable exceptions for disastrous wildfires, liabilities arising from the opioid crisis, price-fixing fallout, and corporate restructuring shenanigans.

The year 2020 was a different story altogether. The headline was COVID-19.