On July 23, 2008, the Canadian Government proclaimed into force amendments to the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (the "BIA") that provide super-priority security to claims, subject to specified limits, for unpaid wages ("Unpaid Wage Claims") and unpaid pension plan contributions ("Unpaid Pension Contribution Claims") in a bankruptcy or receivership proceeding, effective as of July 7, 2008.

On July 7, 2008, the Wage Earner Protection Program Act (the "WEPPA") was proclaimed into force, along with complementary amendments to the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (the "BIA") and other related statutes. The new program protects a limited amount of the unpaid wages of employees when an employer becomes bankrupt or is placed into receivership, and the amendments to the BIA provide for the priority of some un-remitted pension contributions.

The Wage Earner Protection Program (the "WEPP")

In the recent decision of Re WorkGroup Designs Inc.,1 the Ontario Court of Appeal considered the provisions of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. B-3 (the "BIA") which relate to valuing and determining the claims of secured creditors in proposal proceedings under the BIA.

Background

In Re Norame Inc. (2008), 90 O.R. (3d) 303(Ont. C.A.), the Ontario Court of Appeal was again called upon to consider various issues of importance to insolvency practitioners. In a decision released on April 28, 2008, Mr. Justice LaForme delivered the judgment for the Court of Appeal and in so doing dismissed the appeal of Paddon + Yorke Inc., in its capacity as trustee in bankruptcy of Norame Inc. (the "Trustee").

On July 7th, the Wage Earner Protection Program (hereinafter the "WEPP") came into force, as instituted by the Wage Earner Protection Program Act[1].

The WEPP applies to workers whose employers have been declared bankrupt or were placed under receivership as of July 7, 2008.

Fourth-time personal bankruptcies come along so rarely that they deserve special recognition. The Supreme Court of British Columbia was recently presented with one such instance when Mr. Thomas Boivin ("Boivin") applied for a discharge from his fourth bankruptcy.

Over the course of about thirty years, Boivin's use of credit left creditors with total debts of approximately $834,000.

While rarely done, section 197(3) of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act ( “BIA”) authorizes a court to hold a bankruptcy trustee personally liable for the costs of its conduct. The principles underlying section 197(3) were recently reviewed and discussed by one of the leading authorities on Canadian bankruptcy law, Morawetz J., in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice case of Greenstreet Management where the Court used its statutory discretion to award costs personally against a trustee.

Pursuant to an Order in Council dated July 4, 2008, July 7, 2008 was established as the date that certain of the provisions of S.C. 2005, c. 47 (the "Insolvency Reform Act 2005") and S.C. 2007, c. 36 (the "Insolvency Reform Act 2007") came into force. The Wage Earner Protection Program Act (the "WEPPA") as well as certain of the amendments to the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (the "BIA") made by the Insolvency Reform Act 2005 and the Insolvency Reform Act 2007 are, as a result, now in force.

For the first time ever in Canada, super-priority rights have been given to employees which will take priority over existing secured creditors.

The relationship between Canada and the United States is one of the closest and most extensive in the world. With the equivalent of $1.6 billion in bilateral trade every day3, it is no surprise that a large number of US companies have subsidiary operations and assets located in Canada. Despite numerous socio-economic similarities between both countries and legal regimes both anchored in the tradition of common law, there are a number of legal differences that have the potential to significantly impact US companies doing business in Canada.