In a recent judgment, the Belgian Court of Cassation ruled that a secured creditor must renew the registration of its mortgage even after the opening of bankruptcy proceedings. Aside from its obvious significance for real estate security, the Court’s ruling may have wider implications for secured creditors and could potentially be interpreted to apply to other forms of security, including the registered movable assets pledge. Secured creditors should see this as a reminder to ensure that perfection requirements continue to be met, be it before or after insolvency.

Key points

En octobre 2020, la Commission européenne a approuvé une mesure de recapitalisation d'environ 833 millions EUR, notifiée par la Suède et le Danemark, en faveur de SAS. Cette mesure était fondée sur l’Encadrement temporaire relatif aux aides d'État dans le contexte de la crise du COVID-19.

In October 2020, the European Commission approved a recapitalisation measure of approximately €833 million, notified by Sweden and Denmark, in favour of SAS. This measure was adopted under the State aid COVID-19 Temporary framework.

Ryanair challenged the Commission decision and secured its annulment by the General Court of the EU in May 2023 (Case T-238/21). In late 2022, SAS entered a collective insolvency proceeding. Following the annulment of the 2020 decision, the Commission approved again in November 2023 the recapitalisation measure.  

In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, businesses find themselves at the intersection of technological innovation and geopolitical and economic turbulence. Despite the increased reliance on software systems and digital infrastructure, it remains peculiar that in many EU Member States there's still no clear framework for handling software licenses in insolvency.

On 8 May 2024, the General Court of the EU annulled the Commission decision of 26 July 2021 approving restructuring aid to German airline Condor following an annulment action lodged by Ryanair. The Commission should have opened a formal procedure because of doubts about the compatibility of the aid. The General Court rejected Ryanair’s argument relating to the impact of the aid on its competitive position.

Background

Met een recent arrest van 11 juni 2024 zorgt het hof te Brussel voor een ommekeer in het faillissementsrecht. Het hof oordeelde dat ook een hypotheek, gevestigd op initiatief van de kredietverstrekker op grond van een notariële volmacht na datum van het faillissement, tegenstelbaar is aan de boedel. Het hof gaat daarmee in tegen eerder gevestigde rechtspraak en rechtsleer, die een zeer ruime interpretatie gaf aan de artikelen XX.110 en volgende van het Wetboek Economisch Recht (WER).

The Belgian Constitutional Court addressed in a recent judgment the treatment of creditors in a collective debt settlement procedure. The central question was whether a different treatment of creditors, depending on whether they benefit from security over financial collateral, can be justified by objective criteria and whether this aligns with the constitutional principles of equality and non-discrimination.

Since the court finds the different treatment unconstitutional, the judgment impacts the enforcement rights of pledgees of financial collateral granted by private individuals.

The Belgian economy remains vulnerable to the insolvency of significant industrial entities. All creditors - suppliers, customers, contractors alike - should act swiftly to ascertain their position vis-à-vis the bankruptcy estate. It's vital to take proactive steps:

• Can I rely on a retention of title to reclaim my goods?
• Will my pending orders still be delivered?
• Is my contract terminated?
• Should I submit a claim in the estate?

According to Section 1445 of the Belgian Judicial Code (JC), any creditor can, on the basis of authentic or private documents, levy a (conservatory) garnishment on the sums or goods a third party owes to its debtor. After notification of the garnishment order, the third-party garnishee can no longer hand over these sums and/or goods to the debtor (Section 1451 JC).

Conservatory garnishments are typically used by creditors to put pressure on their debtor (eg notifying a garnishee order to a debtor’s bank, which then freezes the debtor’s accounts).