Successful bankruptcy cases typically end with a court order releasing a debtor from liability for most pre-bankruptcy debts. This order, generally known as a “discharge order,” prohibits the debtor’s creditors from trying to collect on those now-discharged debts. See 11 U.S.C. § 524(a)(2). But it is not always clear which debts are covered by a discharge order. Some pre-bankruptcy debts are exempted from discharge by the Bankruptcy Code.

Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo 227/2019, de 11 abril. Después de la declaración de concurso de la prestataria, la acreedora hipotecaria (una Caja Rural) comunicó un crédito de 117.174,82 euros, que se correspondía a 114.839,44 euros de principal, 1.089,29 euros de intereses remuneratorios y 127,16 euros de intereses de demora. El crédito es clasificado como crédito con privilegio especial. Abierta la liquidación, se procedió a la subasta de las dos fincas sobre las que se había constituido la hipoteca en garantía del reseñado crédito. La subasta se celebró el 11 de marzo de 2013.

Two weeks ago, we discussed asset sales under Bankruptcy Code section 363. As that post noted, section 363 requires court approval for asset sales outside the ordinary course of business, with courts ensuring that sales reflect a reasonable business judgment and have an articulated business justification. Debtors may choose to sell assets via a public auction or through a private sale.

Se comenta y se refuta una reciente sentencia del Tribunal Supremo que exige que estos créditos por intereses estén en el concurso especialmente comunicados, y que de otra forma no podrían ser pagados con el producto de ejecución.

1. Los hechos

When a debtor files for bankruptcy, almost all proceedings to recover property from the debtor are automatically stayed by force of law. See 11 U.S.C. § 362(a). This provision, known as the automatic stay, is a central feature of the bankruptcy process, but uncertainty remains about aspects of its scope.

When a party files for bankruptcy, the Bankruptcy Code imposes an automatic stay of litigation against a debtor for claims arising prior to the commencement of the bankruptcy case. See 11 U.S.C. § 362(a). Where there is a basis for bankruptcy jurisdiction in federal court, federal law also permits parties to a state court action to remove the state court action to the federal district court for the district in which the state court action is pending. See 28 U.S.C. § 1452(a).

An unresolved question - and one that generates disparate opinions - is addressed in this paper concerning whether and how conditional or litigating creditors should be acknowledged in terms of quorum and voting under the Fourth Additional Provision of the Insolvency Act.

Cuestión no resuelta —y generadora de dispares opiniones—, se afronta en esta nota cómo han de ser, o no, reconocidos en el quorum y en el voto de la disposición adicional cuarta de la Ley Concursal los acreedores condicionales y los litigiosos.

Fraudulent transfer law allows creditors and bankruptcy trustees, under certain circumstances, to sue transferees to recover funds received where a debtor’s transfers to the transferees actually or constructively defrauded its creditors. Under both the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act adopted by most states and the fraudulent transfer action created by federal bankruptcy law, a transferee of an alleged fraudulent transfer may assert a defense from such liability by establishing that it received the transfer in good faith and for reasonably equivalent value. See 11 U.S.C.

Concedida una subvención pública, fue posteriormente anulada en vía administrativa, con resolución que obligaba a devolver su importe. Entretanto el beneficiario de la subvención había sido declarado en concurso. Las dos instancias judiciales entendieron que la deuda de restitución es una deuda de la masa, por haber tenido lugar su devengo después de la declaración de concurso.