Courts and professionals have wrestled for years with the appropriate approach to use in setting the interest rate when a debtor imposes a chapter 11 plan on a secured creditor and pays the creditor the value of its collateral through deferred payments under section 1129(b)(2)(A)(i)(II) of the Bankruptcy Code. Secured lenders gained a major victory on October 20, 2017, when the Second Circuit Court of Appeals concluded that a market rate of interest is preferred to a so-called “formula approach” in chapter 11, when an efficient market exists.

Over the years, the United States Supreme Court has had to interpret ambiguous, imprecise, and otherwise puzzling language in the Bankruptcy Code, including the phrases “claim,” “interest in property,” “ordinary course of business,” “applicable nonbankruptcy law,” “allowed secured claim,” “willful and malicious injury,” “on account of,” “value, as of the effective date of the plan,” “projected disposable income,” “defalcation,” and “retirement funds.” The interpretive principles employed by the Court in interpreting the peculiarities of the Bankruptcy Code were in full view when the Court r

The absolute priority rule of Section 1129(b) of the Bankruptcy Code is a fundamental creditor protection in a Chapter 11 bankruptcy case. In general terms, the rule provides that if a class of unsecured creditors rejects a debtor’s reorganization plan and is not paid in full, junior creditors and equity interestholders may not receive or retain any property under the plan. The rule thus implements the general state-law principle that creditors are entitled to payment before shareholders, unless creditors agree to a different result.

On Friday, the Washington Department of Financial Institutions closed North County Bank, headquartered in Arlington, Washington, and appointed the FDIC as receiver. As receiver, the FDIC entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with Whidbey Island Bank, headquartered in Coupeville, Washington, to assume all of the deposits of the failed bank.

On Friday, the Florida Office of Financial Regulationclosed Haven Trust Bank Florida, headquartered in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, and appointed the FDIC as receiver. As receiver, the FDIC entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with First Southern Bank, headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida, to assume all of the deposits of the failed bank.

On Friday, the Florida Office of Financial Regulation closed three bank subsidiaries of Bank of Florida Corporation: (1) Bank of Florida – Southeast, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; (2) Bank of Florida – Southwest, Naples, Florida; and (3) Bank of Florida –

On Friday, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency closed Granite Community Bank, N.A., and appointed the FDIC as receiver.

On Friday, the Nevada Financial Institutions Division closed Sun West Bank, headquartered in Law Vegas, Nevada, and appointed the FDIC as receiver. As receiver, the FDIC entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with City National Bank, headquartered in Los Angeles, California, to assume all of the deposits of the failed bank.

Today, Washington Mutual, Inc. (WMI) announced a Global Settlement Agreement with J.P. Morgan Chase and the FDIC. Under the agreement, J.P. Morgan Chase will give WMI over $4 billion in WMI deposits in its former failed bank subsidiaries in exchange for over $6 billion in other assets. Also, the three parties will split two potential tax refunds worth a total of $5.6 billion.