Dubbed "the year of the CVA", 2018 has so far seen a spate of high profile retail insolvencies. Landlords are seeking to protect their position in this volatile climate.
The rules governing the actions landlords can take in insolvency situations are complex. They depend on whether the tenant is a company or individual, the specific insolvency process involved and whether the Financial Collateral Arrangements (No. 2) Regulations 2003 (FCAR) apply.
2018 has been described as “the year of the CVA”, especially in the retail and casual dining sectors. Although company voluntary arrangements can be a useful tool to compromise portfolios of leasehold obligations, there are certain situations where a CVA may be unsuitable.
1. When a full operational and/or financial restructuring is required
Cathryn Williams and Paul Muscutt, partners in the Squire Patton Boggs Restructuring & Insolvency team in London, interview Ian Fletcher, Director of Policy (Real Estate) of the BPF (the trade association for UK residential and commercial real estate companies) to get the BPF’s views on the recent spate of CVAs seeking to reduce/compromise lease liabilities.
Do you think the current use of CVAs is fair on landlords?
On the morning that Mothercare announced its CVA, its share price went up by 35% (from 20p to 27p) and now sits at 35p (up 75%) from the price the day before the CVA was launched.
The High Court has released an important decision for landlords and Insolvency Practitioners in the wake of the failure of the company voluntary arrangement (CVA) entered into by BHS Limited (BHS).
Following the liquidation of BHS Ltd, the High Court was asked to consider whether a landlord could claim full rent as an administration expense following termination of the CVA.
Background
Wright and another (Liquidators of SHB Realisations Ltd) v The Prudential Assurance Company Ltd concerned three principal insolvency processes applicable to companies under the Insolvency Act 1986:
In light of the radically and rapidly changing face of bricks and mortar retail, cases providing guidance on the way in which liabilities are to be dealt with in the course of the restructuring / insolvency process are extremely valuable not only for stakeholders and practitioners dealing with the consequences of those processes but also to those guiding and devising the strategies in the first instance.
Wright and Rowley v Prudential Assurance Company Limited is one such case arising out of the collapse of the British Home Stores (‘BHS’) retailing group in 2016.
The Court of Appeal has held that refusal of consent for both good and bad reasons will not automatically render that refusal unreasonable.
Background
Most commercial leases require tenants to obtain the consent of their landlord prior to assigning their lease. If so, the Landlord and Tenant Act 1988 (the Act) applies to say that if the tenant serves a valid application for consent, the landlord will be subject to the following duties:
Carpetright, the UK flooring company, has announced that it is considering a Company Voluntary Arrangement with the aim of “rationalising the company’s property portfolio in order to improve the long-term prospects of the business”. This is expected to enable the business to close unprofitable shops and reduce their rent bill. With 409 shops across the country, any proposed CVA is going to have a significant impact on landlords.
A new wave of CVAs?
A company voluntary arrangement (CVA) is, provided the voting thresholds are met, a binding agreement made between a company and its creditors, designed to compromise a company’s obligations to its creditors.
As retailers and restaurateurs across the UK continue to show signs of financial distress, interest in the use of CVAs has increased. A common facet of a CVA is a focus on reducing rents and offloading unprofitable leases.
Compromised or full rent?