A review of Diana Loson v (1) Brett Stack (2) Newlyn PLC [2018] EWCA Civ 803

Facts

In this case a judgment debtor appealed against a decision in which her application to pay a judgment debt by instalments was refused.

Do controlled goods agreements (“CGA”s) create security which a creditor can rely on against an insolvent debtor?

CGAs are relatively new instruments which have replaced the practice of walking possession agreements.  A CGA is defined under paragraph 13(4) of Schedule 12 of The Taking Control of Goods Regulations 2013 as “an agreement under which the debtor -:

(a)     is permitted to retain custody of the goods,

There are few areas of insolvency law more fraught with pitfalls than the insolvency of unincorporated charities, in particular charitable trusts. From the preliminary and decision-making stages to the actual liquidation of the charity’s assets, it can pose unique challenges about which trustees and Insolvency Practitioners (IPs) must be aware.

Statutory demands are a key asset in a lender’s arsenal when seeking to enforce under a guarantee. The mere threat of bankruptcy is often a powerful method of brining a reticent debtor to the table. Above all else, they are quick, simply and relatively inexpensive to present, often avoiding the need to bring proceedings against the debtor in court.

The judgement in BHL v Leumi ABL Limited [2017] EWHC 1871 (“BHL”) has been seen by many as another example of courts enquiring more readily into commercial terms agreed by large corporate entities and scrutinising the exercise of contractual powers.

The Insolvency Act 1986 (“the Act”) provides Trustees in bankruptcy with a number of mechanisms to reverse transactions, entered into prior to a person being declared bankrupt by the court, which have the effect of diminishing a bankrupt’s estate to the detriment of his or her creditors. Antecedent transaction claims aim to recover assets back into the bankrupt’s estate for the benefit of creditors. Some commonly used provisions are transactions at an undervalue, preferences and transactions defrauding creditors.

When goods are delivered to a professional storage operator (“Warehouseman”) for safe keeping or storage, it is usual practice that the parties will enter into express terms which often contain a right of lien in favour of the Warehouseman. The benefit of having an express right of lien is that the terms are clear and unequivocal, especially those relating to enforcement of the lien and sale of the assets.

The Court of Appeal recently made an important decision on the equity of exoneration in the case of Armstrong (As Trustee In Bankruptcy Of Onyearu) V Onyearu & Anor (2017).

Procedural framework

Paragraphs 49 to 55 of Schedule B1 to the Insolvency Act 1986 provide the statutory framework within which administrators seek approval of their proposals.

An administrator must make a statement setting out proposals for achieving the purpose of the administration within eight weeks of the company’s entry into administration and the administrator must seek a decision from the company’s creditors as to whether the creditors approve those proposals or not.

The Court of Appeal, in the case of Grant & Another v Baker & Another [2016] EWCH 1782 (Ch), has held that a judge had been wrong to postpone an order for possession and sale of a matrimonial home indefinitely due to the postponement being incompatible with the underlying purpose of bankruptcy legislation.

Background