A winding up petition is a legal document that can be served by a company’s creditors when they are owed money by the company. If the debt amounts to £750 or more, then a creditor has the right to go to court and ask for a winding up petition to be issued, although courts view this remedy as something that should be reserved for when a company is genuinely believed to be insolvent, and not simply used as a means of debt collection.
If a company becomes insolvent, it is crucial that its directors comply with their legal duties. Failure to do so can result in personal liability for the company’s debts as well as legal action and disqualification from being a company director or being involved in a company in the future.
We look at exactly what a director’s duties on company insolvency are and some of the risks to be aware of in dealing with an insolvency.
What is insolvency?
The current difficult economy is causing continual financial problems for many businesses. Directors are warned that entering into written agreements to make payments when they know their company is unable to meet its debts may equate to deceit under the terms of the Statute of Frauds (Amendment) Act 1828.
This could result in personal liability for the director who has made an implied representation about his company’s ability to pay.
Case law
Case 1
Convoy Collateral Ltd v Broad Idea International Ltd and Cho Kwai Chee [2021] UKPC 24
Lord Leggatt, Lord Briggs, Lord Sales, Lord Hamblen (in the majority) and Sir Geoffrey Vos MR Lord Reed, Lord Hodge (in the minority), 4 October 2021
In CPS v Aquila Advisory Ltd [2021] UKSC 49, the Supreme Court has re-affirmed the existing law on illegality and attribution of directors’ wrongdoing to their companies, while providing helpful guidance and clarification on aspects of the law relating to fiduciary duty, constructive trusts, attribution, and illegality.
A winding-up petition allows a company’s creditors to attempt to recover money owed to them by having the company’s assets sold, with the proceeds used to pay outstanding debts. It is a serious step and should only be undertaken as a last resort.
Company directors have a number of duties imposed on them under the Companies Act 2006 as well as under common and other laws. Failure to carry out directors’ duties can result in substantial penalties, including personal liability for any losses suffered by the company, its shareholders and its creditors.
A recent case has highlighted the dangers of the treatment of a Director’s Loan Account (“DLA”), and the risks to directors of trying to re-categorise their DLAs as salary payments. This can mean that the information previously provided to HMRC was incorrect and puts directors at risk of penalties and possibly even a charge of tax evasion.
Conversion of Director’s Loan Accounts to Dividends
In relation to the EFL, there have been dire warnings that in the absence of a substantially increased contribution from the Premier League, up to 60 clubs could go out of business. 1 But if a club does enter administration, or still worse liquidation, what claims are available to the players and other employees? The Football Creditor Rule (the “FCR”) The EFL has its own specific rules in place which provide some added protection for players and staff and least in relation to arrears of pay.