Our emergence from social and economic lockdown has led to much discussion around “the new normal” for our personal and business lives. In that context, the Courts Service Annual Report for 2019 (“the 2019 Report”) published in July 2020 is an opportunity to look back upon the pre-COVID-19 operation of civil and criminal litigation in the Irish courts, particularly developments on the debt recovery site.

Late in the evening on 30 July, the last day before its summer break, the Irish parliament (Oireachtas) passed the Companies (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Covid-19) Bill 2020. This is likely to be signed into law and commenced within two weeks.

Three of its provisions are particularly relevant to insolvency processes during the COVID-19 crisis.

Creditors’ meetings

Winding up a company – liquidation – applies in circumstances where a company is unable to pay its debts. In that situation, the company's directors, creditors or contributories can present a winding up petition. (This can be found in sections 122, 123 and 124 of the Insolvency Act 1986.)

A company is deemed unable to pay its debts if:

It is not uncommon for a person's job title to include the word "director", such as "Finance Director" or "Marketing Director". While such roles will carry a high level of responsibility, the individuals in these positions are not always formally appointed to the company's Board of directors. Even though such persons are not formally appointed as directors, they may still owe all (or at least some) of the same directors' duties as an appointed director.

The Irish Government has published the General Scheme of a Bill and related secondary legislation to address practical issues that have arisen for companies and cooperative societies as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. We examine the scope of the measures and next steps for entities that can avail of its provisions.

Duration of proposed temporary measures

Final amendments to the Corporate Insolvency and Governance Bill were approved by the House of Lords on 23 June 2020, and by the House of Commons on 25 June 2020. The Act came into force on 26 June 2020, however certain provisions have retrospective effect from 1 March 2020. It will have a significant impact on defined benefit pension schemes, and the ability of pension scheme trustees to take action if the scheme's employer is struggling. This legal update explores the Act's key provisions through a pensions lens.

Creditors and Coronavirus

As the scale of the economic impact on businesses and individuals of the Coronavirus pandemic becomes apparent, the Scottish and UK governments have sought to protect companies and individuals from creditor led insolvency events.

Bankruptcy:

For many companies facing financial stress, restructuring liabilities is the only way for their business to survive. Consensual restructuring, or voluntary workout, requires agreement from creditors to reorganise the company’s liabilities, and is typically implemented by agreement between the company and its creditors. Court-based restructuring processes, on the other hand, involve at least some degree of legal coercion of creditors to vary or release liabilities.

Notwithstanding the phased return to some level of normality, some businesses will continue to be significantly affected, particularly those in the leisure, travel/tourism, retail and hospitality sectors. These sectors will face longer term challenges due to social distancing requirements, consumer unease and the likely absence of international travel for many months, or perhaps even longer. However, these are not the only sectors that will suffer.

In previous blogs, we’ve discussed the temporary changes to the law being brought about by the UK Government’s Corporate Insolvency and Governance Bill. The Bill is set to strip Landlords of some of the tools available to recover arrears from their tenants. It will render statutory demands served between 1 March to 30 June 2020 ineffective, while making it near impossible for landlords to liquidate tenants (by winding them up) if they have been financially affected by COVID-19.