Directors and officers of private companies are responsible for managing and running business. This responsibility is not limited to disciplinary liability (such as termination of employment), but also involves civil law liability (such as payment of damages) as well as administrative and even criminal liability. In some cases, the liability may be broad and contain no reasonable exceptions that might be available in other jurisdictions. This LawFlash summarizes the extent of liability that company directors and officers could face under Kazakhstan law.
When a business entity that is regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is closely related to another business entity, FERC takes the position that under some circumstances it may treat the two different legal entities as if they were one single entity.
The Singapore High Court recently issued the first-ever super-priority order for debts arising from rescue financing under Section 211E(1)(b) of the amended insolvency laws in the Companies Act. The decision shows that the court is open to adopting relatively unique deal structures, and could be a benefit for more business-centric solutions.
In Part 1, we discussed how, despite widespread usage, termination in the event of bankruptcy clauses (“ipso facto” clauses) are generally unenforceable pursuant to the bankruptcy code. In this second part, we discuss why these clauses are still prevalent in commercial transactions and the exceptions that allow for enforceability in certain situations.
Why Do Ipso Facto Clauses Remain in Most Contracts?
If ipso facto clauses are generally not enforceable, then why do practically all commercial agreements continue to include them? There are several reasons.
Practically all commercial transactions, including licenses, services agreements, and supply agreements, contain a provision that triggers termination rights, without notice, to a party whenever the other party files for bankruptcy or experiences other insolvency-related event. In Part 1 of a two-part series, we discuss how the commonly used termination-on-insolvency clauses are generally unenforceable despite their widespread use.
Standard Ipso Facto Provision
La resolución del Tribunal Económico-Administrativo Central de 6 de noviembre de 2018 reconoce el derecho a la deducción de las dotaciones a la provisión por insolvencias en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades, en el caso de transcurso del plazo de seis meses desde el vencimiento de la obligación, con solo manifestar que el crédito se reclamó por teléfono o aportando cualquier indicio de reclamación de la deuda.
La Ley del IVA (Ley 37/1992, de 28 de diciembre), prevé la posibilidad de que el sujeto pasivo recupere las cuotas del impuesto repercutidas y no cobradas cuando, entre otros supuestos, el destinatario de los bienes o servicios se encuentre inmerso en un procedimiento concursal.
La DRGN en la Resolución de 19 de diciembre 2018 valora la posibilidad de inscribir la liquidación y extinción de una sociedad en cuya hoja registral consta inscrita una declaración de insolvencia provisional practicada en el ámbito laboral.
La Sentencia del 11 de julio de 2018 consolida la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo que reconoce la existencia de un grupo de sociedades cuando el control es ejercido por una persona física.
Bankruptcy
Legal Alert
Authors
George P. Angelich Partner New York, NY 212.457.5423 [email protected]
M. Douglas Flahaut Counsel Los Angeles, CA 213.443.7559 [email protected]