Courts and professionals have wrestled for years with the appropriate approach to use in setting the interest rate when a debtor imposes a chapter 11 plan on a secured creditor and pays the creditor the value of its collateral through deferred payments under section 1129(b)(2)(A)(i)(II) of the Bankruptcy Code. Secured lenders gained a major victory on October 20, 2017, when the Second Circuit Court of Appeals concluded that a market rate of interest is preferred to a so-called “formula approach” in chapter 11, when an efficient market exists.
Over the past few months, we have commented on the steel industry crisis and some of the employment law issues arising from it in the context of insolvency.
Over the years, the United States Supreme Court has had to interpret ambiguous, imprecise, and otherwise puzzling language in the Bankruptcy Code, including the phrases “claim,” “interest in property,” “ordinary course of business,” “applicable nonbankruptcy law,” “allowed secured claim,” “willful and malicious injury,” “on account of,” “value, as of the effective date of the plan,” “projected disposable income,” “defalcation,” and “retirement funds.” The interpretive principles employed by the Court in interpreting the peculiarities of the Bankruptcy Code were in full view when the Court r
Comment
- Transfers
From April 2012 it has been possible to make transfer payments from contracted-out to contracted-in pension plans. Many members have a statutory right to such a transfer (irrespective of contrary restrictions in pension plan rules). Legislation sets down a number of member safeguards that must be met. Any transfer is subject to a receiving scheme being willing to accept it. Trustees should be aware of the impact on administration and member communications.
The absolute priority rule of Section 1129(b) of the Bankruptcy Code is a fundamental creditor protection in a Chapter 11 bankruptcy case. In general terms, the rule provides that if a class of unsecured creditors rejects a debtor’s reorganization plan and is not paid in full, junior creditors and equity interestholders may not receive or retain any property under the plan. The rule thus implements the general state-law principle that creditors are entitled to payment before shareholders, unless creditors agree to a different result.
According to a ruling of the High Court, Financial Support Directions and Contribution Notices issued by the Pensions Regulator once an English insolvency process has commenced rank as expenses of the insolvency process (and therefore take precedence over ordinary creditors). This ruling will cause huge practical difficulties for insolvency practitioners. The decision is subject to appeal.