在与向英国供货的国际公司合作的过程中,我们发现了一些常见问题。在前几篇文章中,我们阐释了英国客户遭遇财务困难时会发生的情况以及破产执业者的权力。在“五行”系列最后一篇文章中,我们以“土”元素为主题,探讨获得破产客户付款的方法,正常完成交易中的供货和付款从而恢复供应商的业务平衡。
土:如何确保供应商在客户破产的情况下避免损失并使自己处于最佳境地,以及如何在此种情况下获得付款
如果没有所有权保留条款(或合同中的任何其他保护条款——见本系列篇目一,破产公司的债权人有如下选择。
1. 债权人应在破产程序中提交债权证明,并提供销售合同、交付凭证和未付款账单等证据。除了提交债权证明,在破产管理和清算程序中,债权人通常被禁止对公司提起诉讼。
2. 如果当前破产公司的董事订立低价交易以欺诈债权人(例如将资产置于债权人的控制范围之外),受到该交易侵害的人可向法院申请许可对交易提出异议。
3. 如果公司的董事或高管作出任何关于公司对供应商有偿付能力的陈述,供应商依据该陈述继续与客户进行交易,而该董事知道或应当知道该陈述不实,在这种情况下,该董事个人可能须为这一不实陈述承担责任(又称欺诈侵权)。当然,这只有在董事拥有足够的个人资产来偿还债务的情况下才有用。
Earth: how to ensure your customer’s insolvency leaves a sweet not a sour taste in the mouth and get paid in the event of insolvency
Absent a retention of title clause (or any other protective clause in a contract – see Part 1 in this series ), a creditor of an insolvent company has the following options.
The recent decision of Adam Constable QC in the case of Meadowside Building Developments Ltd (in liquidation) -v- 12-18 Hill Street Management Company Ltd, considered an application for summary judgment to enforce a decision by an adjudicator in favour of an insolvent company.
在与向英国供货的国际公司合作的过程中,我们发现了一些常见问题。在上一篇文章中,我们研究了客户可能面临的破产程序类型。在“五行”系列第四篇文章中,我们围绕“火”元素来说明破产执业者在进入破产程序时拥有的重大权力:调查不当行为,并将资产收回统一偿还债权人。
火:破产执业者对债权人欺诈性交易的重大权力
破产执业者(不论是清算人或管理人)可以向法院申请撤销在公司进入破产程序前进行的特定交易。通过这种方式,可以收回资产或资金,统一向债权人偿付。下列情形属于“先前的”或“可审查”的交易:
- 公司的资产或财产被低价出售;
- 公司在进入破产程序前给予某债权人优先权,使其处于比其他债权人更有利的地位;
- 公司订立了敲诈性信贷交易(交易条款有严重的敲诈性);
- 公司设立了无效浮动抵押,即为已发放的贷款或已提供的货物及服务的成本提供担保;
- 公司订立的交易具有欺诈债权人的明确目的,即:使公司的资产脱离破产执业者和债权人的控制范围。
不同类型的可审查交易有不同的时间要求。例如,低价出售必须发生在公司进入破产程序前的两年内。
2018 was seen by many as the ‘year of the CVA’ and the year of the so -called ‘Retail CVA’ in particular. Such CVAs have been used in an attempt by companies operating in the retail and casual dining sector with burdensome leases to reduce the cost of their premises whilst continuing to trade.
2019 was widely expected to be the year in which there was a challenge by a landlord under s.6 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (‘the Act’) to the use of CVAs to force a rent reduction, without comparable cuts to other creditors and so it has proved.
Recently, the British Chamber of Commerce (BCC) warned that economic conditions are weakening and businesses are struggling, following a survey they have conducted of 6,600 companies employing 1.2 million workers. Their research found that domestic and export sales are falling, and services firms have seen a decrease in work in the three months to September. This has prompted fears that the UK’s economy may fall into recession.
Summary
Case:Pantiles Investments Ltd & Anor v Winckler [2019] EWHC 1298 (Ch)(23 May 2019)
In a recent case the High Court has addressed how Company Voluntary Arrangements affect landlords when balancing the needs of a commercial tenant to restructure its debts.
In September 2019, Debenhams Retail Limited entered into a Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA) with its creditors, with the aim of restructuring its debts. The CVA contained a number of provisions affecting Debenhams' landlords (themselves potentially creditors) in respect of its various department store leases.
Five Elements for Chinese Companies trading with UK counterparts Part 1: Gold
中英企业交易中的“五行”元素——第一部分:金
在与向英国供货的国际公司合作的过程中,我们发现了一些常见问题。本系列五篇文章围绕“五行”的各个元素展开探讨,指出了供应商在和英国客户做生意过程中面临的关键风险,以及供应商如何才能最好地保护自己,从而确保其商务活动和商业关系的和谐。第一个元素“金”确保供应商得到应得的货款,避免或尽量减少风险、困难和难以解决的困境。
金:及时获得全额付款,让您的业务和商业关系发展壮大
在协助我们的国际贸易客户处理的各种事项中,最常见的是追款。因此,我们建议所有供应商在签订合同或根据标准商业条款向客户供货时,确保在客户违约的情况下尽可能让自己处于最有利的境地。
对供应商而言,最有利的索赔是财产索赔。根据所有权保留条款,在客户未付清货款前,供应商仍对交付给客户的货物拥有所有权。如果客户破产,供应商有权收回货物(或收取货款)。
其他合同保护措施包括: