It was a year of massive stimulus packages, rising unemployment and the bankruptcy of General Motors and other big names; but 2009 ended with America’s big banks beginning to repay their huge bail-outs and China leading an incipient world recovery. Read The Economist’s review of The world this year. Read more.

Chinese lenders are using a little-understood financial transaction to move loans off their balance sheets, a trend that raises questions about transparency in one of the world's biggest banking industries, according to analysts in China who have studied the deals, The Wall Street Journal reported. The transactions, which increased sharply last month, involve banks temporarily selling loans to Chinese trust companies, promising to repurchase the loans any time between a few weeks and a few years later. The trusts repackage the loans into financial instruments for clients.

The heat has been turned up on Capital+Merchant managing director Owen Tallentire and his colleagues, with the Official Assignee being appointed as liquidator of the company described by the Companies Office as the worst finance company they've seen, The New Zealand Herald reported.

Troubled Ssangyong Motor avoided bankruptcy after a court approved its self-rescue plan despite opposition from overseas creditors. The ruling enables the cash-strapped automaker to get additional financing from investors, and take a series of steps to eventually stand on its own feet. Its ongoing negotiations for a possible sale is also expected to gain momentum. A Ssangyong spokesman told The Korea Times that it would select a candidate to take over the company by January and complete the deal by September.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) government is set to announce a new bankruptcy law "within months" aimed at providing legal protection for companies in financial strife, local newspaper Gulf News reported Wednesday. "The government is working on issuing a comprehensive bankruptcy/insolvency law that will protect businesses under financial stress and help them move forward," the report quoted Hamad Bu Amim, director general of the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry, as saying. "There are certain provisions for insolvencies in our Companies Laws.

Abu Dhabi's decision to offer Dubai financial succour has bought time for the debt-laden emirate to restructure its troubled Dubai World conglomerate, but the former boom town still faces a severe test, the Financial Times reported in an analysis. Dubai World holds most of the emirate's credit pile, and despite the $10 billion (€6.8 billion, £6.1 billion) support extended yesterday by Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates capital, the conglomerate must still restructure its debts.

Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC's ABN Amro operations in China said it has uncovered potential irregularities within its small and medium-size enterprise banking business in response to a Wall Street Journal inquiry. The scale and nature of the potential problems at ABN Amro China still remain unclear. ABN Amro has one of the biggest foreign banking franchises in China, operating 18 retail banking outlets in the country. The ABN Amro China spokeswoman declined to give further details about the potential irregularities, citing the bank's ongoing investigation.

The International Banking Corp., a Bahrain-based provider of commercial loans, filed a Chapter 15 bankruptcy petition, seeking protection from U.S. creditors, The China Post reported. TIBC had assets of US$4 billion and liabilities of US$2.6 billion as of July 31, according to documents filed in Manhattan court Monday. TIBC is under administration proceedings in Bahrain, with Trowers & Hamlins Services Ltd. acting as administrator, and Zolfo Cooper hired for restructuring work.

Dubai, the recipient yesterday of a $10 billion bailout from Abu Dhabi, has yet to convince investors it will meet all of its obligations, Bloomberg reported. Debt from Dubai state-controlled entities DP World Ltd., Dubai Commercial Operations Group LLC and Nakheel PJSC remains as much as 28 percent lower than before the emirate said on Nov. 25 it was seeking a “standstill” from creditors. Standard & Poor’s said it won’t automatically reverse downgrades made to ratings on state entities since the announcement.

Brian Clegg, the director of failed finance company Clegg and Co Finance was sentenced in the Auckland District Court today for six offences against the Companies Act and the Securities Act, The New Zealand Herald reported. "A number of these charges relate to false and misleading statements made in the company's 2005 and 2006 prospectuses and to the company's Trustee," said the Registrar of Companies, Neville Harris. The National Enforcement Unit of the Companies Office began its investigation after the matter was referred to it by the Securities Commission.