Appointment For all insolvency processes (whether voluntary or compulsory), the specialised judge appoints an Insolvency Administration made up of three people: namely, a lawyer (with at least five years’ experience), an accountant or economist with the same minimum experience and one of the ordinary or generally privileged creditors (or representatives). There are two different types of appointments within the new Spanish insolvency legislation but the same types of IP are appointed, although they could have different functions in the compulsory process and voluntary process.

Appointment Under the provisions of Federal Law on Insolvency (Bankruptcy) of 26 October 2002 No. 127-FZ and the subsequent, but not final, amendments, envisaged by Federal Laws of 24 October 2005 No. 133-FZ, 18 July 2006 No. 116- FZ, 30 January 2008 No. 296-FZ, 28 April 2009 No. 73-FZ, 19 July 2009 No.195-FZ, 17 December 2009 No. 323-FZ, 27 December 2009 No. 374-FZ, 22 April 2010 No. 65-FZ and 27 July 2010 No.

Appointment Pursuant to article 157 item 1 of the Bankruptcy and Rehabilitation Law (Journal of Laws, 2009, item 175, no.

Appointment An IP is appointed in all types of business-related insolvency proceedings, including insolvency proceedings relating to insurance companies and financial institutions. In practice an IP appointed to an insurance company will come from a small group of experienced IPs. Qualifications There are no formal criteria to satisfy to act as an IP in The Netherlands. However, in 99 per cent of cases a qualified lawyer (advocaat) is appointed. In practice, experienced practitioners are appointed in the more important insolvencies.

Appointment In all types of insolvency proceedings IPs should be appointed. They are usually members of the accountancy or legal profession. Qualifications IPs are usually accountants or lawyers enrolled with the courts, a requirement on line with Law n. 80 of 14/05/2005, Legislative Decree n. 5 of 9/01/2006 and Legislative Decree n. 169/2007, which also provides for the possibility of appointing an entrepreneur.

Appointment There are several types of insolvency proceedingsand anyone may administer an insolvency proceeding. There is, however, a list of courtappointed trustees in bankruptcy, most of whom are chartered accountants. There is also a list of people pre-approved for appointment as provisional liquidator and deemed official receiver by the court and again these are normally chartered accountants. The same IPs would be appointed for debtor insurance companies. Qualifications There are no stated qualifications but only individuals can undertake liquidations.

Appointment Usually accountants take appointments but in a small number of cases solicitors have been appointed. Accountants are appointed for all procedures relating to companies including insolvency procedures relating to insurance companies. Qualifications There are no separate qualifications for an individual to take an insolvency appointment.

Appointment The government assigns those who can be selected as liquidators by decree. The government invites applications for the entrance on the list of names of liquidators every year. Liquidations can be conducted by companies that have been entered on the list by application. A liquidator is appointed to conduct the liquidation process and the office-holders name and address have to be announced to the court. The liquidator is entitled to proceed at every court of the country. Qualifications According to regulations (167/1993 (XI.

Appointment The government assigns those who can be selected as liquidators by decree. The government invites applications for the entrance on the list of names of liquidators every year. Liquidations can be conducted by companies that have been entered on the list by application. A liquidator is appointed to conduct the liquidation process and the office-holders name and address have to be announced to the court. The liquidator is entitled to proceed at every court of the country. Qualifications According to regulations (167/1993 (XI.

The office of an IP can only be held by an individual. When a company files a petition for insolvency, the court appoints an IP as a court examiner to decide if the company is in fact insolvent and whether the unencumbered assets of the debtor will be sufficient to cover the costs of the procedure. In larger cases, particularly where the business is ongoing, the court may appoint an IP as a court examiner and empower the IP with different levels of powers depending on the circumstances (provisional insolvency).