Two directors from the UK were disqualified for 12 years each after they used funds from existing clients to payback previous clients. The directors' company entered into loan agreements with existing clients worth around £9.1 million for forex trades, in return for interest and loan repayments. The Insolvency Service later discovered that at least £8.4 million was used to make interest and loan repayments to previous clients.

In a pair of recent decisions,1two federal courts in the Southern District of New York have broadly interpreted Section 316(b) of the Trust Indenture Act (“TIA”)2to limit the ability of parties to strip guarantees from dissenti